Reduction of aldehydes [LiAlH4] Reduction of aldehydes [LiAlH4] Definition: Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to aldehydes leads to the formation of primary alcohols (after addition of acid). Reduction of aldehydes [LiAlH4] Explained: Reduction of carbonyl compounds can…
Reduction to aldehydes [DIBAL-H] Reduction to aldehydes [DIBAL-H] Definition: Esters can be reduced to aldehydes with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) a bulky source of hydride ion. Reduction to aldehydes [DIBAL] Explained: Although the aldehyde is intermediate…
Reduction to alcohols [LiAlH4] Reduction to alcohols [LiAlH4] Definition: Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to esters leads to the formation of primary alcohols (after addition of acid). Reduction to alcohols [LiAlH4] Explained: When treated with lithium aluminum hydride abbreviated LAH,…
Rearrangements (H shift) Rearrangement (H shift) Definition: A rearrangement reaction is a board class of organic reaction where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the…
Rearrangements (Alkyl shift) Rearrangements (Alkyl shift) Definition: The rearrangement is a reaction in which an atom or bond moves or migrates, having been initially located at one site in a reactant molecule…
Reactions of Diazonium Salts Reactions of Diazonium Salts Definition: Treatment of diazonium salts with various reagents leads to the formation of a new bond to the aromatic ring and loss of nitrogen (N2). Reactions of Diazonium Salts Explained: Aryldiazonium salts are…
Reaction of Grignards with CO2 Reaction of Grignards with CO2 Definition: Grignard reagents will add to carbon dioxide, forming carboxylate salts. After acidic work-up, carboxylic acids are formed. Reaction of Grignards with CO2 Explained: A Grignard reagent can react with carbon dioxide…
Reaction of Grignards with acid [H+] Reaction of Grignards with acid [H+] Definition: Treatment of Grignard reagents with acid leads to alkanes. Alternatively, use of deuterated acids leads to the resulting deuterated compounds. Reaction of…
Protonation [onium ion formation] Protonation [onium ion formation] Definition: Addition of a strong acid to an alcohol leads to the formation of its conjugate acid, called onium or (alkyl)oxonium ion. Protonation [onium ion formation] Explained: Alcohols are amphoteric substances which…
Protection as silyl ethers Protection as silyl ethers Definition: Alcohols can be converted into silyl ethers with trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) or similar silly groups such as t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl). This is a useful procedure for the protection…